Compulsory Reading Writing In English Board Question Paper 2081

"Should firms pay interns for the latter's service?" Write an essay arguing for your position on this issue.

Apply four levels of reading to Raymond Carver's Story "Popular Mechanics" given below.
EARLY that day the weather turned, and the snow was melting into dirty water. Streaks of it ran down from the little shoulder-high window that faced the backyard. Cars slushed by on the street outside, where it was getting dark. But it was getting dark on the inside too.
He was in the bedroom pushing clothes into a suitcase when she came to the door.
I'm glad you're leaving! I'm glad you're leaving! She said. Do you hear?
He kept on putting his things into the suitcase.
Son of a bitch! I'm so glad you're leaving! She began to cry. You can't even look me in the face, can you?
Then she noticed the baby's picture on the bed and picked it up. He looked at her, and she wiped her eyes and stared at him before turning and going back to the living room.
Bring that back, he said.
Just get your things and get out, she said.
He did not answer. He fastened the suitcase, put on his coat, looked around the bedroom before turning off the light. Then he went out to the living room. She stood in the doorway of the little kitchen, holding the baby.
I want the baby, he said.
Are you crazy?
No, but I want the baby. I'll get someone to come by for his things.
The baby had begun to cry, and she uncovered the blanket from around his head.
Oh, oh, she said, looking at the baby.
He moved toward her.
For God's sake! she said. She took a step back into the kitchen.
I want the baby.
Get out of here!
She turned and tried to hold the baby over in a corner behind the stove. But he came up. He reached across the stove and tightened his hands on the baby.
Let go of him, he said. Get away, get away! she cried. The baby was red-faced and screaming. In the scuffle, they knocked down a flowerpot that hung behind the stove. He crowded her into the wall then, trying to break her grip. He held on to the baby and pushed with all his weight. Let go of him, he said. Don't, she said. You're hurting the baby, she said. I'm not hurting the baby, he said. The kitchen window gave no light. In the near-dark he worked on her fisted fingers with one hand and with the other hand he gripped the screaming baby up under an arm near the shoulder. She felt her fingers being forced open. She felt the baby going from her. No! she screamed just as her hands came loose. She would have it, this baby. She grabbed for the baby's other arm. She caught the baby around the wrist and leaned back. But he would not let go. He felt the baby slipping out of his hands and he pulled back very hard In this manner, the issue was decided.

What is pre-writing? Discuss at least four ways of doing prewriting with examples.

Make notes of the following passage by using headings and sub-headings:
Bees. Ants. Reindeer. Not the usual topic of conversation at an average board meeting. But if Peter Miller's debut book Smart Swarm is anything to go by, the creatures could just about revolutionise the way we do business. In the latest in a series of management books that challenge leaders to think differently, Smart Swarm explores the habits, actions and instincts of animals and how they can be applied to business. The book is set to become the next most talked about in management circles after Miller, a senior editor at National Geographic magazine, wrote an article on the subject a few years back, which was read by 30 million people globally. It follows a string of 'business thinking' books that have hit the shelves in recent years, all searching for new answers on how to run organisations effectively. Obliquity, published in March, told us that the most profitable companies are not the most aggressive in chasing profits. Wikinomics, a bestseller, demonstrated new models of production based on community and collaboration. Miller believes his book is the first time anyone has laid out the science behind these management theories. 'The biology of how ant colonies or bee hives work are appealing models for organisations and systems that can be applied in a business context,' he says. So how exactly can bees help run board meetings? Because of the way bees work independently before they work together, Miller explains. Picture a huge bee hive hanging on the branch of a tree, with something like 5,000 bees vying for space and protection. They know their hive is getting too numerous and leaving them vulnerable. They must find a new home - and fast - but in a way that everyone agrees to. In today's business environment, managers need to be able to make the right decisions under huge amounts of pressure. Yet the fallout from the financial crisis proves that, actually, some of our best-paid leaders in some of the biggest banks in the world got it dramatically wrong, leading to the collapse of an entire industry. How is it that a group of Wall Street executives failed to make efficient business decisions when a swarm of bees can make a critical decision in just a few seconds? According to Miller, 'swarm theory' can help managers in three simple steps: discover, test and evaluate. The bees first realise they have a problem. They then fly into the neighbourhood to find potential new sites. They come back and perform a 'dance' to get other bees to follow them. Eventually, the bees with the best dance attract the most votes and a decision is made. Back to the board meeting. Managers that encourage debate, and then have a ballot over which idea is the best, stand a better chance of getting it right, Miller says. 'The bee example tells you that you need to seek out diversity in your team. You need to have a way of gathering up very different approaches and ideas so you can make sure you pick the right one." Ants, on the other hand, can help businesses organise workflow and people. In an ant colony, there is no leader. Ants are self-organised, and respond to their environment and each other. One ant on its own could not raid a kitchen cupboard, but one ant telling the next one that it's worth following him to find food ends up creating a supply chain. 'In an ant colony, you get the right number going in and searching for food; you get the right number taking care of the babies, Miller says. 'As a manager, this tells you your hierarchy, your bureaucracy, is getting in the way of getting work done.' The airline industry has also flirted with the idea that ants can make flying stress-free. Southwest Airlines, an American, low-cost airline, was concerned its 30-year-old policy of letting customers choose where they sit once they boarded a plane - as Ryanair and Easyjet in the UK do was slowing down the process. By creating a computer simulation of people loading onto a plane, based on what ants would do, the company was able to show that assigned seating would only be faster by a few minutes. It was not worth scrapping their first-come, first-served policy, which was a key part of the company's brand, but they instead began to assign seats on check-in. Other animal examples in the book include reindeer, who can act together as a single herd, and schools of fish, which can coordinate their movements so precisely to change direction in the flash of a second. Miller says: 'If you are concerned about surviving the next business cycle, in other words, giving your company the resilience and ability to bounce back from challenges that you can't anticipate, then nature is a great model."

Read the following passage and answer the questions given below:
No man likes to acknowledge that he has made a mistake in the choice of his profession, and every man, worthy of the name, will row long against wind and tide before he allows himself to cry out, "I am baffled!" and submits to be floated passively back to land. From the first week of my residence in X- felt my occupation irksome. The thing itself-the work of copying and translating business-letters- was a dry and tedious task enough, but had that been all, I should long have borne with the nuisance; I am not of an impatient nature, and influenced by the double desire of getting my living and justifying to myself and others the resolution I had taken to become a tradesman, I should have endured in silence the rust and cramp of my best faculties; I should not have whispered, even inwardly, that I longed for liberty; I should have pent in every sigh by which my heart might have ventured to intimate its distress under the closeness, smoke, monotony, and joyless tumult of Bigben Close, and its panting desire for freer and fresher scenes; I should have set up the image of Duty, the fetish of Perseverance, in my small bedroom at Mrs. King's lodgings, and they two should have been my household gods, from which my darling, my cherished-in-secret, Imagination, the tender and the mighty, should never, either by softness or strength, have severed me. But this was not all; the antipathy which had sprung up between myself and my employer striking deeper root and spreading denser shade daily, excluded me from every glimpse of the sunshine of life; and I began to feel like a plant growing in humid darkness out of the slimy walls of a well.

Antipathy is the only word which can express the feeling Edward Crimsworth had for me a feeling, in a great measure, involuntary, and which was liable to be excited by every, the most trifling movement, look, or word of mine. My southern accent annoyed him; the degree of education evinced in my language irritated him; my punctuality, industry, and accuracy, fixed his dislike, and gave it the high flavour and poignant relish of envy; he feared that I too should one day make a successful tradesman. Had I been in anything inferior to him, he would not have hated me se thoroughly, but I knew all that he knew, and, what was worse, he suspected that I kept the padlock of silence on mental wealth in which he was no sharer. it he could have once placed me in a ridiculous or mortifying position, he would have forgiven me much, but I was guarded by three faculties-Caution, Tact, Observation; and prowling and prying as was Edward's malignity, it could never baffle the lynx-eyes of these, my natural sentinels. Day by day did his malice watch my tact, hoping it would sleep, and prepared to steal snake-like on its slumber; but tact, if it be genuine, never sleeps. I had received my first quarter's wages, and was returning to my lodgings, possessed heart and soul with the pleasant feeling that the master who had paid me grudged every penny of that hard-earned pittance (I had long ceased to regard Mr. Crimsworth as my brother-he was a hard, grinding master; he wished to be an inexorable tyrant: that was all).
Thoughts, not varied but strong, occupied my mind; two voices spoke within me; again and again they uttered the same monotonous phrases. One said: "William, your life is intolerable." The other: "What can you do to alter it?" I walked fast, for it was a cold, frosty night in January; as I approached my lodgings, I turned from a general view of my affairs to the particular speculation as to whether my fire would be out; looking towards the window of my sitting-room, I saw no cheering red gleam.
Questions:
a. Why do people not acknowledge their mistakes?
b. Describe William, the narrator of the passage above.
c. Why, according to William, has his employer Edward Crimsworth antipathy for him?
d. How did William guard himself against the malignity of his employer?
e. Speculate on William's situation from the expression: "... looking towards the window of my sitting-room, I saw no cheering red gleam.

Answer the following questions briefly and to the point:
a. What three ways does Tabbarok point out as the current attempts to solve the problem of transplant organ shortages in "The Meat Market"?
b. Halperin's evidence consists almost entirely of the results of an informal survey. Do you think this evidence is sufficient? Is all of it relevant?
c. According to Engber, what is the public's attitude toward taxing junk food and soda? How does he support this generalization?

Daniel Goleman says, "True compassion means not only feeling another's pain but also being moved to help relieve it." Examine this statement with reference to Rafe Martin's "The Brave Little Parrot."

Give the meanings of any FIVE of the following words and then use each of them in sentences of your own (in the same sense of meaning you have given):
alleviate, repugnant, tenacity, scrutiny, intricate, apprehensive Would you like me to convert another set of question paper images or a different PDF file for you?