BIT 1st Semester
C Programming Syllabus

History and advantages of C; Problems analysis, algorithm and flowchart; Structure of a C Program; Writing, compiling, debugging, executing and testing a C Program in windows and Unix/Unix like environment

C Tokens; C Character Sets; Data types, Constants and Variables; Expression, statements and comments; Escape sequences and Delimiters

Conversion Specifiers; I/O functions; Formatted I/O

Arithmetic operators; Relational operators; Logical operators; Assignment operators; Type conversion in assignment; Increment and decrement operators; Ternary operator; Bitwise operator; Other operators (comma, sizeof); Expression evaluation; Operator precedence and associativity

Introduction to selection and iterative statements; GOTO and labels; Selection statements: if, if-else, if-else if ladder, nested if, switch case; Conditional operator; Iterative statements: For Loop, While Loop, Do while Loop, Nested Loop; The odd loop; Controlling the loop execution – break and continue

Introduction to Arrays; Initializing Arrays; The meaning of array indexing; One dimensional and Multidimensional Arrays; String and Basic functions dedicated to string manipulation

Introduction and types of functions; Declaring, Defining and calling functions; Arguments and Return Statement; Recursive functions; Function call by value and reference; Variables' scope, local variables and function parameters; Arrays as function parameter; Void as a parameter; Parameterizing the main function; External function and variables; Header files; Static variables; Register Variables

Features of C Preprocessor; Macro Expansion; Macros with Arguments; Macros versus Functions; File Inclusion; Conditional Compilation; #if and #elif Directives; #undef Directive; #pragma Directive; The Build Process; Compiling; Assembling; Linking; Loading

Introduction of Pointers, declaration and initialization of pointer variables; An address, a reference, a dereference and the sizeof operator; Pointer to nothing (NULL); Pointer assignment; Pointer Arithmetic; Pointer as argument and Pointer as return values; Pointers vs. arrays; Dynamic memory allocation

Definition of Structure; Array of structures; Passing structure and array of structure to function; Pointers to structures and arrays of structures; Self-referential structures; Typedef; Table Lookup; Unions

Files vs. streams; Header files needed for stream operations; Opening and closing a stream, open modes, error variable; Reading and writing to/from a stream; Predefined streams: stdin, stdout and stderr; Stream manipulation: fgetc(), fputc(), fgets() and fputs() functions; Raw input/output: fread() and fwrite() functions; Random access to files